Spain

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SPAIN

 Kingdom of Spain

Spain is a democracy organised in the form of a parliamentary government under a constitutional monarchy

King Juan Carlos I

 Its mainland is bordered to the south and east by the Mediterranean Sea except for a small land boundary with the British Overseas Territory of Gibraltar; to the north and north east by France, Andorra, and theBay of Biscay; and to the northwest and west by the Atlantic Ocean and Portugal.

Spanish territory also includes the Balearic Islands in the Mediterranean, the Canary Islands in the Atlantic Ocean off the African coast, and two autonomous cities in North Africa, Ceuta and Melilla, that border Morocco.

Capital		Madrid
Official languages		Spanish
Recognised regional languages		Basque     Catalan    Galician

Area
-	Total	505,992 km2

Population
-	2012	47,265,321 inhabitants

Highest mountain: Teide 3,718 m.

Highest mountain in Peninsula: Mulhacén 3,478 m.

Highest Mountain in Pyrenees: Aneto 3,404 m.

MOUNTAIN RANGES

Longest river: Tajo 1,038 km

Largest river: Ebro 426 m³/s

RIVERS

Autonomous community	Capital	Provinces
Andalusia	Seville	Malaga, Almeria, Huelva, Cadiz, Cordoba, Jaen, Granada and Seville
Aragon	Zaragoza	Aragón, Teruel and Zaragoza
Principality of Asturias	Oviedo	Asturias
Balearic Islands	Palma de Mallorca	Balearic Islands
Basque Country	Vitoria - Gasteiz	Alava, Guipuzcoa and Vizcaya
Canary Islands	Santa Cruz and Las Palmas	Tenerife and Gran Canaria
Cantabria	Santander	Cantabria
Castile-La Mancha	Toledo	Guadalajara, Cuenca, Albacete, Ciudad Real and Toledo
Castile and León	Valladolid	León, Valladolid, Zamora, Palencia, Soria, Segovia, Avila, Burgos and Salamanca
Catalonia	Barcelona	Lleida, Girona, Tarragona and Barcelona
Community of Madrid	Madrid	Madrid
Extremadura	Mérida	Caceres and Badajoz
Galicia	Santiago de Compostela	Lugo, Ourense, Pontevedra and A Coruña
La Rioja	Logroño	La Rioja
Region of Murcia	Murcia	Murcia
Navarre	Pamplona	Navarra
Valencian Community	Valencia	Alicante, Castellon and Valencia

Autonomous city
Ceuta
Melilla

Descripción

Would you know to locate the geographic items you are asked about? You must point out each exact location on the map.

KINGS OF SPAIN

Kingdom of Spain (1479–1873)

House of Trastamara (1516–1555)

Under Isabella and Ferdinand, the kingdoms of Castilla and Aragon were united.

Name	Lifespan	Reign start	Reign end	Notes	Family	Image
Joanna I the Mad Spanish: Juana I	6 November 1479 – 12 April 1555(aged 75)	26 November 1504	12 April 1555	daughter of Ferdinand II of Aragon &Isabella I of Castile	House of Trastamara

House of Habsburg (1516–1700)

Main article: Habsburg Spain

Under Joanna and Charles I, the two thrones of Castile and Aragon were finally united under one monarch.

Name	Lifespan	Reign start	Reign end	Notes	Family	Image
Charles I (Charles V of HRE) the Emperor Spanish: Carlos I	24 February 1500 – 21 September 1558(aged 58)	14 March 1516	16 January 1556 (abdicated)	Son of Juana of Castile & Philip I of Castile	Habsburg
Philip II the Prudent Spanish: Felipe II	21 May 1527 – 13 September 1598(aged 71)	16 January 1556	13 September 1598	Son of Charles I	Habsburg
Philip III the Pious Spanish: Felipe III	14 April 1578 – 31 March 1621(aged 42)	13 September 1598	31 March 1621	Son of Philip II	Habsburg
Philip IV the Great Spanish: Felipe IV	8 April 1605 – 17 September 1665(aged 60)	31 March 1621	17 September 1665	Son of Philip III	Habsburg
Charles II the Bewitched Spanish: Carlos II	6 November 1661 – 1 November 1700(aged 38)	17 September 1665	1 November 1700	Son of Philip IV	Habsburg

House of Bourbon (1700–1808)

Main article: Enlightenment in Spain

In the year 1700 Charles II died. Charles' will named the 16-year old Philip, the grandson of Charles' sister Maria Theresa of Spain, as his successor. Upon any possible refusal the Crown of Spain would be offered next to Philip's younger brother Charles, duc de Berry, or, next, to Archduke Charles of Austria.
Both claimants, Philip and Charles, had a legal right to the Spanish throne due to the fact that Philip's grandfather, King Louis XIV of France and Charles's father, Leopold I, Holy Roman Emperor, were sons of Charles' aunts, Anne of Austria and Maria Anna of Austria. Philip had the better claim because his grandmother and great-grandmother were older than Leopold's. However, the Austrian branch claimed that Philip's grandmother had renounced the Spanish throne for herself and her descendants as part of her marriage contract. This was countered by the French branch's claim that it was on the basis of a dowry that had never been paid.
After a long council meeting where the Dauphin spoke up in favour of his son's rights, it was agreed that Philip would ascend the throne. Following this war broke out and Archduke Charles was also proclaimed king of Spain, as Charles III in opposition to Philip V.He was proclaimed in Vienna, and also in Madrid in the years 1706 and 1710. Charles renounced his claims to the Spanish throne in the Treaty of Rastatt of 1714, but was allowed the continued use of the styles of a Spanish monarch for his lifetime.

Name	Lifespan	Reign start	Reign end	Notes	Family	Image
Philip V the Spirited Spanish: Felipe V	19 December 1683 – 9 July 1746(aged 62)	16 November 1700	14 January 1724 (abdicated)	Great-grandson of Philip IV	Bourbon
Louis I the Beloved and the Liberal Spanish: Luis I	25 August 1707 – 31 August 1724(aged 17)	14 January 1724	31 August 1724	Son of Philip V	Bourbon
Philip V the Spirited Spanish: Felipe V	19 December 1683 – 9 July 1746(aged 62)	6 September 1724	9 July 1746	Father of Louis I	Bourbon
Ferdinand VI the Learnt Spanish: Fernando VI	23 September 1713 – 10 August 1759(aged 45)	9 July 1746	10 August 1759	Son of Philip V	Bourbon
Charles III the Enlightened and the King-Mayor Spanish: Carlos III	20 January 1716 – 14 December 1788(aged 72)	10 August 1759	14 December 1788	Son of Philip V	Bourbon
Charles IV the Hunter Spanish: Carlos IV	11 November 1748 – 20 January 1819(aged 70)	14 December 1788	19 March 1808 (abdicated)	Son of Carlos III	Bourbon
Ferdinand VII the Desired, later El Rey Felón (The Felon King) Spanish: Fernando VII	14 October 1784 – 29 September 1833(aged 48)	19 March 1808	6 May 1808 (abdicated)	Son of Charles IV	Bourbon

House of Bonaparte (1808–1813)

Main article: Kingdom of Spain (Napoleonic)

The only monarch from this dynasty was Joseph, imposed by his brother Emperor Napoleon I of France after the kings Charles IV and Ferdinand VII abdicated. The title used by Joseph was King of the Spains and the Indias, by the Grace of God and the Constitution of the State. He was also later given all of the titles of the previous kings. A government in opposition to the French was formed in Cádiz on 25 September 1808, which continued to recognize the imprisoned Ferdinand VII as king. This government was diplomatically recognized as the legitimate Spanish government by Britain and other countries at war with France.

Name	Lifespan	Reign start	Reign end	Notes	Family	Image
Joseph Bonaparte the Intruder and Bottle Joe Spanish: José	7 January 1768 – 28 July 1844(aged 76)	6 June 1808	11 December 1813 (deposed)		Bonaparte

House of Bourbon (1813–1868)

Main article: Mid-nineteenth century Spain

Charles IV's eldest son was restored to the throne. Again the title used was king of Castile, Leon, Aragon,… by the Grace of God.

Name	Lifespan	Reign start	Reign end	Notes	Family	Image
Ferdinand VII the Desired, later El Rey Felón (The Felon King) Spanish: Fernando VII	14 October 1784 – 29 September 1833(aged 48)	11 December 1813	29 September 1833	Son of Charles IV	Bourbon
Isabella II the One with the Sad Destinies Spanish: Isabel II	10 October 1830 – 10 April 1904(aged 73)	29 September 1833	30 September 1868 (deposed)	Daughter of Ferdinand VII	Bourbon

House of Savoy (1870–1873)

Main article: Glorious Revolution (Spain)

After the Spanish Revolution of 1868 deposed Isabella II, there was established a provisional government and a regency headed by Francisco Serrano y Domínguez from October 8, 1868 until January 2, 1871, while a new monarch was sought. Amadeo was elected as king and the new title used wasKing of Spain, by the Grace of God and will of the nation.

Name	Lifespan	Reign start	Reign end	Notes	Family	Image
Amadeo I the Gentleman King	30 May 1845 – 18 January 1890(aged 44)	16 November 1870	11 February 1873 (abdicated)	Elected by Cortes Generales	Savoy

Spanish Republic (1873–1874)

Kingdom of Spain (1874–1931)

House of Bourbon (1874–1931)

Main article: Spain under the Restoration

Isabella II's eldest son was restored to the throne as she had abdicated in his favour in 1870. Constitutional King of Spain.

Name	Lifespan	Reign start	Reign end	Notes	Family	Image
Alfonso XII the Peacemaker	28 November 1857 – 25 November 1885(aged 27)	29 December 1874	25 November 1885	Son of Isabella II	Bourbon
Alfonso XIII the African	17 May 1886 – 28 February 1941(aged 54)	17 May 1886	14 April 1931 (abdicated)	Son of Alfonso XII	Bourbon

Spanish Republic (1931–1939)

Spanish State (1936–1975)

On 1 October 1936 General Francisco Franco was proclaimed Leader of Spain (Spanish: Caudillo de España) in the parts of Spain controlled by the Nationalists (nacionales) after the Spanish Civil War broke out. After the end of war on 1 April 1939 General Franco took control of the whole of Spain. In 1947, Franco proclaimed the restoration of the monarchy but did not allow the pretender, Juan Carlos, Count of Barcelona, to take the throne. In 1969, Franco declared that Juan Carlos, Prince of Spain, the Count of Barcelona's son, would be his successor. After Franco's death in 1975, Juan Carlos succeeded him as the King of Spain.

Kingdom of Spain (1975–present

House of Bourbon (1975–present)

Main article: Spanish transition to democracy

Alfonso XIII's claim descended (due to his two eldest sons' renunciations) to his third son, Juan Carlos, Count of Barcelona, who was passed over in favour of his eldest son, whose title is King of Spain. The Count of Barcelona renounced his claims in favour of his son in 1977, two years after Franco's death and Juan Carlos's accession.

Name	Lifespan	Reign start	Reign end	Notes	Family	Image
Juan Carlos I[5]	5 January 1938 (age 75)	22 November 1975	Incumbent	Grandson of Alfonso XIII	Bourbon